生物质复合型煤复配及适配高效低排炉具绿色制造技术
小编
2022-05-29
生物质复合型煤复配及适配高效低排炉具绿色制造技术Name of the technical achievement:Biomass composite briquette compounding and adaptation of high efficiency and low row furnace green manufacturing technology
技术编号
提供技术单位
内蒙古鑫泓庆能源科技发展有限公司
地址
联系人
刘鑫泽
技术类型
生物质
电话
13103360880
邮箱
923703000@qq.com
Technical provider
Inner Mongolia Xinhongqing Energy Technology Development Co., Ltd
-
技术原理及工艺路线1)技术解决的关键问题Technology solves key problems 将木屑、油渣、有机废料、秸秆粉末及粪便粉末以不同种类生物质原料与碎煤、煤泥、焦粉等为劣质煤为原料,原料以不同的比例混合生产生物质复合型煤,优化生物质复合型煤配方达到降低排放和成本的目的。 多点引射二次风装置:设计基于渐变截面气流加速结构、多孔道变径非对称布风结构的多点引射二次风装置,将预热空气通过多点引射至燃料层顶部、炉膛尾部等区域,形成紊流,促进烟气中可燃组分与氧气充分混合,减少燃料层的火焰上方烟气贫氧区,提高燃烧效率。 2)实现环境效益的原理Principles for achieving environmental benefits 粘合剂选用了生物质固体粘合剂,主要来源于污水好氧处理、厌氧处理的污泥。根据具体的煤种,粘结剂控制在2~10%。生物质固体粘合剂的使用同时起到了扩散燃烧添加剂的作用,当煤炭受热时生物质先气化燃烧,形成了内燃反应表面,使型煤的表面式燃烧变成了扩散式+表面式燃烧,解决了型煤的“黑心”烧不透问题。本研究选用钙铁固硫体系,利用钢铁工业含铁废渣与石灰粉等复合而成。添加比例根据煤种控制在5~10%;基于钙铁硫化物,复分解的温度在1100℃左右,因此考虑炉具设计时将炉温控制在1000℃以下,保证在炉灰中已经形成的钙铁硫化物不会出现复分解释放出SO2。螺旋扰流板管束换热装置:为解决自然引风条件下换热效率较低的问题,基于炉具整体传热动态流场分布CFD模拟分析结果,研发连续螺旋扰流板管束换热装置,强化低雷诺数条件下烟气边界层的扰动,减少导流板结构性流动死区,降低自然引风烟气流动阻力,烟气通过螺旋变截面通道形成旋转脉动介质流,抑制尾部对流受热面的积灰污染,有效降低换热体表面附着污垢产生的热阻,提高自然引风对流换热效率。扰流板为长方形,两端扭曲为放大的螺旋状,它固结在绞龙轴延长轴上,工作时一直转动,将部分切线风挡住,形成向后反烧的效果,因是长方形,又是螺旋状,所以挡住的风不固定在同一位置,而是形成反向螺旋风,这样形成的结果是提高了燃烧筒后部的温度。采用不同扰流板尺寸,改变一次切线风向,形成轻微反烧,适当提高燃烧筒后段燃烧温度,形成分段燃烧,后段为热分解段,前段为高温气化燃烧段;燃烧温度调节范围增大,在实际应用的低温段燃烧和高温段燃烧均具有稳定燃烧的状态。螺旋扰流板提高了设备的适应性,从而充分将燃料烧尽,减少未充分燃烧的损失,大幅度提高了热效率,使一氧化碳和氮氧化物排放降低,达到环保标准;另外,扰流装置上设有扰流板和破渣刺,除了实现扰流功能外,对含杂质高、结渣严重的原料也能进行有效破渣和正常燃烧、排渣。 公司提出的“燃烧室+燃尽室”空气分级低温燃烧组合结构,使生物质热解过程与气相燃烧过程分离,适当强化自然引风条件下燃烧脉动。通过该装置控制燃料热解区温度、保证热解速率、降低热解气在燃烧室滞留时间,优化燃烧室、燃尽室空间结构参数和释热分配,控制燃烧室的最高温度,延长气相可燃物质在燃尽室的有效滞留燃尽时间,抑制燃烧室内热力型NOx产生和噻吩(燃料中有机硫主要来源)的分解,减少NOx排放,促进燃尽室内CO、O2混合再燃及HCN、NHx、NOx定向还原转化,降低燃料型NOx生成。采用长方型炉膛往复循环燃烧,可以较低的炉膛温度结合二次炉口配风设计实现氮氧化物的较低排放。 阶梯湍流固相除尘装置:针对生物质炉具颗烟尘排放量高的问题,研究炉内下行烟道及阶梯式沉降室,加强颗粒物炉内重力沉降及颗粒物惯性分离沉降,保证炉具长期封火过程中的颗粒物炉内沉降,及取暖升温过程中烟气颗粒物的阻滞性沉降,实现燃烧过程全时段炉内湍流固相除尘,抑制换热装置表面积灰污染造成的热阻增加,保证对流传热效率,延长烟道清灰周期,降低颗粒物排放浓度。 3)工艺流程 生物质复合型煤生产工艺流程如图1所示。 图 1 生物质复合型煤生产工艺流程 生物质复合型煤复配及适配高效低排炉具绿色制造技术如图2所示。图2生物质复合型煤复配及适配高效低排炉具绿色制造技术
4)技术特点及关键设备 技术特点:该技术采用生物质固体粘合剂作为粘合剂,生物质固体粘合剂的使用同时起到了扩散燃烧添加剂的作用,当煤炭受热时生物质先气化燃烧,形成了内燃反应表面,使型煤的表面式燃烧变成了扩散式+表面式燃烧,解决了型煤的“黑心”烧不透问题。采用钙铁固硫体系,保证在炉灰中已经形成的钙铁硫化物不会出现复分解释放出SO2。根据社会上现有型煤机的普及状况,生物质复合型煤尺寸上分为两种:小型民用采暖炉具使用100mmx100mmx90mm;大型民用采暖炉具使用180mmx180mmx90mm。 该技术推出的生物质复合型煤复配适配高效低排炉具采用“上下煤层同步燃烧,燃尽型煤同时排出,前后煤排横向引火,减少炉内外来干扰,利用蜂窝自然引风助燃,降低烟囱高度,减少尾气灰尘排放”的设计思路。炉体结构采用多层水套式结构,使得热烟气在炉体内即和反向流动的循环水进行热交换;同时相比于其他水暖炉在炉体烟道出口加水箱的结构,减少了炉体本身在空气中散热,增加了换热效率。在炉膛内最上面一层型煤顶端高10毫米处设置多个二次配风孔,使烟气中的可燃物二次燃烧,达到了消烟和提高燃烧效率的目的,实现24小时不冒烟。 关键设备:液压机、折弯机、剪板机、电焊机、等离子切割机、型煤生产线、相关检测设备等。 -
技术综合效益介绍可持续发展技术成果的关键环境效益指标,资源能源节约、重点突出污染物减排、生态环境保护等方面的效果。推荐采用定量描述的方式,数据用相对值时,需说明比较的基准或对比技术,绝对值要注明工程规模。 生物质复合型煤约600元/吨,结合配套炉具用于供暖,燃料消耗量为18kg/天,成本约14.4元/天,节约燃煤50%。以推广清洁生物质复合型煤2万吨,配套高效炉具5000台为例,该技术可创造经济效益1500-200万元,实现NOx及PM2.5分别减排1-1.5万吨及2.0-3.0吨,以解决北方地区冬季散烧煤取暖及秸秆焚烧污染大气问题。 本技术针对生物质资源化处理与大气污染防治进行深度有机结合,能够提高当地农民收入和地方政府的财政收入,带动当地其他相关产业的发展和升级。以当地的废弃生物质资源为原料进行成型加工,辅以煤粉、粘合剂等成分,采用新型生物质复合型煤,配套我公司生产的“鑫泓庆”采暖炉具使用,可替代传统的煤炭、柴薪等,有效成分利用率达80%以上,且热效率也得到大幅度提高,具有显著的社会效益。本项目的实施有助于解决北方地区冬季散烧煤取暖及秸秆焚烧污染大气问题,以及国家对当前清洁采暖成本高,大额补贴不可持续问题。
-
技术成熟度分析十余年来本团队一直致力于居民燃煤供暖领域的高效环保节能技术研究,在清洁方形型煤、生物质成型燃料生产及配套炉具设计、燃烧及采暖技术改进方面积累了丰富经验,已开发应用炉型十余款,可满足各类采暖用户需求。结合当前我国严峻的大气污染形势以及生物质资源丰富等特点,积极与中国农业大学等国内外双一流高校和科研院所开展深度产学研合作,创新性的提出了以生物质为基础的复合成型燃料-生物质复合型煤。根据不同煤质特性,科学配比生物质和煤炭原料,结合固硫剂、生物质粘结剂等固化成型,具有燃烧效率高、灰分含量低、固硫率高、排放低等优势,在节约能源与降低排放方面具有巨大的发展潜力。该类燃料成本低、市场竞争利强劲,应用前景广阔。 开发应用的系列炉型十余款,民用炉具从用途上分为直烧烤火、热水采暖两大类,供暖面积范围为10~1000平米。配套清洁型煤研发配方十余种,具备市场推广条件配方5种,拥有型煤生产基地,具备规模化生产能力。
-
技术适应性分析清洁生物质复合型煤及配套高效低排炉具适用于为广大农村地的农户、小学校、养老院、设施农业、产业园区等提供供暖及热水供应,该模式可推广、可复制,实现市场化运作。
-
技术稳定性分析十余年来本团队一直致力于居民燃煤供暖领域的高效环保节能技术研究,在清洁方形型煤、生物质成型燃料生产及配套炉具设计、燃烧及采暖技术改进方面积累了丰富经验,已开发应用炉型十余款,可满足各类采暖用户需求。 近年来,“鑫泓庆”方型蜂窝型煤配套专用炉具凭借其经济、环保、实用的优势,已在河北省廊坊市、保定市、沧州市,陕西省渭南市,山东沂源、内蒙古呼和浩特市、巴彦淖尔市等地开展了市场推广工作,得到了各地政府和广大用户的一致好评。
-
技术安全性分析生物质复合型煤复配及适配高效低排炉具绿色制造技术经多家权威检测机构监测,该技术生产的型煤及配套炉具可做到全天24h不冒烟,各项大气污染物实现超低排放,显著降低污染物排放,可为新农村建设提供能源保障,推动北方地区冬季清洁取暖,为“宜煤则煤”提供了技术支撑,助力国家打好蓝天保卫战。
-
Technical principle and process route1)Technology solves key problems Wood chips, oil residues, organic waste, straw powder and manure powder are used as raw materials for different types of biomass raw materials and crushed coal, coal sludge, coke powder, etc. as inferior coal as raw materials, and raw materials are mixed in different proportions to produce biomass composite briquettes, and the biomass composite briquette formula is optimized to achieve the purpose of reducing emissions and costs Multi-point induction secondary air device: Design a multi-point induction secondary air device based on the gradient section air flow acceleration structure and the asymmetric ventilation structure of the multi-pore channel variation, and the preheated air is directed to the top of the fuel layer, the tail of the furnace and other areas through multiple points, forming turbulence, promoting the full mixing of the combustible components in the flue gas with oxygen, reducing the flue gas oxygen-depleted area above the flame of the fuel layer, and improving the combustion efficiency. 2)Principles for achieving environmental benefits The adhesive is a biomass solid adhesive, mainly derived from sludge treated with aerobic and anaerobic treatment of sewage. According to the specific coal type, the binder is controlled at 2 to 10%. The use of biomass solid binders at the same time plays the role of diffusion combustion additives, when the coal is heated biomass first gasification combustion, the formation of an internal combustion reaction surface, so that the surface combustion of the briquette into a diffusion + surface combustion, to solve the briquette "black heart" burn impermeable problem. In this study, the calcium-iron solid sulfur system is selected, which is composed of iron-containing waste residue and lime powder in the iron and steel industry. The addition ratio is controlled at 5 to 10% according to the coal type; based on calcium iron sulfide, the temperature of the compound decomposition is about 1100 °C, so the furnace temperature is controlled below 1000 °C when considering the design of the stove, so as to ensure that the calcium iron sulfide that has been formed in the furnace ash will not be re-decomposed and so2 will be released. The biomass compound briquette production process is shown in Figure 1. Spiral spoiler bundle heat exchange device: In order to solve the problem of low heat exchange efficiency under natural induced wind conditions, based on the CFD simulation analysis results of the dynamic flow field distribution of the overall heat transfer of the stove, a continuous spiral spoiler bundle heat exchange device was developed to strengthen the disturbance of the flue gas boundary layer under low Reynolds number conditions, reduce the structural flow dead zone of the deflector plate, reduce the natural induced flue gas flow resistance, and the flue gas forms a rotating pulsating medium flow through the spiral variable cross-section channel, and suppresses the ash pollution of the heating surface of the tail convection. Effectively reduce the thermal resistance caused by the adhesion dirt on the surface of the heat exchanger, and improve the efficiency of natural wind convection heat transfer. The spoiler is rectangular, the two ends are twisted into an enlarged spiral, it is consolidated on the extension shaft of the dragon shaft, and it has been rotating when working, blocking part of the tangential wind, forming a backwards burning effect, because it is rectangular, and it is spiral-shaped, so the blocked wind is not fixed in the same position, but forms a reverse spiral wind, so that the result of the formation is to increase the temperature of the rear part of the combustion cylinder. Using different spoiler sizes, changing the wind direction of a tangent line, forming a slight anti-burning, appropriately increasing the combustion temperature of the rear section of the combustion cylinder, forming a segmented combustion, the rear section is a thermal decomposition section, and the front section is a high-temperature gasification combustion section; The range of combustion temperature regulation is increased, and the combustion in the low temperature section and the high temperature section of the actual application have a stable combustion state. The spiral spoiler improves the adaptability of the equipment, thereby fully burning out the fuel, reducing the loss of insufficient combustion, greatly improving the thermal efficiency, reducing carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, and meeting environmental protection standards; In addition, the spoiler device is equipped with spoiler plate and slag breaking thorn, in addition to achieving the spoiler function, the raw materials with high impurities and serious slag can also be effectively slag breaking and normal combustion and slag discharge. The "combustion chamber + exhaust chamber" air classification low-temperature combustion combination structure proposed by the company separates the biomass pyrolysis process from the gas phase combustion process, and appropriately strengthens the combustion pulsation under natural induced wind conditions. Through this device, the device controls the temperature of the fuel pyrolysis zone, ensures the pyrolysis rate, reduces the residence time of pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber, optimizes the spatial structure parameters and heat release distribution of the combustion chamber and the exhaust chamber, controls the maximum temperature of the combustion chamber, prolongs the effective residence burn-out time of gas-phase combustible substances in the exhaustion chamber, inhibits the generation of thermal NOx in the combustion chamber and the decomposition of thiophene (the main source of organic sulfur in fuel), reduces NOx emissions, and promotes the co-combustion and O2 mixed re-ignition in the exhaustion chamber and the directional reduction conversion of HCN, NHx and NOx. Reduced fuel-based NOx generation. The use of rectangular furnace reciprocating cycle combustion, can be lower furnace temperature combined with secondary furnace mouth air distribution design to achieve lower nitrogen oxide emissions. Ladder turbulence solid phase dust removal device: In view of the problem of high emission of soot emissions from biomass stoves, study the downward flue and step-type settlement chamber in the furnace, strengthen the gravitational settlement in the particulate matter furnace and the inertial separation and settlement of particulate matter, ensure the settlement of particulate matter in the furnace during the long-term fire sealing process of the stove, and the retardant settlement of flue gas particles in the heating and heating process, realize the turbulence solid phase dust removal in the furnace during the combustion process, suppress the increase in thermal resistance caused by ash pollution in the surface area of the heat exchange device, ensure the convective heat transfer efficiency, and extend the flue ash cleaning cycle. Reduce particulate matter emission concentrations. 3)The biomass composite briquette production process is shown in Figure 1. 4)Technical characteristics and key equipment Technical features: The technology uses biomass solid adhesive as a binder, the use of biomass solid adhesive also plays a role in diffusion combustion additives, when the coal is heated, the biomass first gasifies and burns, forming an internal combustion reaction surface, so that the surface combustion of the briquette becomes a diffusion + surface combustion, which solves the problem of "black heart" burning impermeable of the briquette. The calcium iron sulfur solid system is adopted to ensure the calcium iron vulcanization that has been formed in the furnace ash The substance does not appear to re-decompose to release SO2. According to the popularity of existing briquettes in the society, biomass composite briquettes are divided into two types in size: small civil heating stoves use 100mmx100mmx90mm; Large civil heating stoves use 180mmx180mmx90mm. The biomass composite briquette compound adaptation of the technology adopts the design idea of "synchronous combustion of the upper and lower coal seams, simultaneous discharge of burned briquettes, horizontal ignition of the front and rear coal rows, reducing interference inside and outside the furnace, using honeycomb natural induction to assist combustion, reducing the height of the chimney, and reducing exhaust dust emissions". The furnace structure adopts a multi-layer water jacket structure, so that the hot flue gas in the furnace body, that is, the reverse flow of circulating water for heat exchange, and compared with other water heating furnaces in the furnace flue outlet plus water tank structure, reduce the furnace body itself in the air heat dissipation, increase heat exchange efficiency. A number of secondary air distribution holes are set up at the top of the top layer of briquette in the furnace chamber at a height of 10 mm, so that the combustibles in the flue gas can be burned twice, which achieves the purpose of smoke elimination and combustion efficiency, and achieves 24-hour smoke. Key equipment: hydraulic press, bending machine, shearing machine, welding machine, plasma cutting machine, briquette production line, related testing equipment, etc.
-
Comprehensive benefits of technologyIntroduce the key environmental benefit indicators of sustainable development technology achievements, resource and energy conservation, focus on pollutant emission reduction, ecological environmental protection and other aspects. It is recommended to use quantitative description, when the data is relatively valued, the benchmark or comparison technique of the comparison should be explained, and the absolute value should indicate the scale of the project. Biomass compound briquette is about 600 yuan / ton, combined with supporting stoves for heating. The fuel consumption is 18kg / day, the cost is about 14.4 yuan / day, and coal consumption is saved by 50%. Taking the promotion of 20000 tons of clean biomass compound briquette and 5000 sets of high-efficiency stoves as an example, this technology can create economic benefits of 15-2 million yuan and realize NOx and PM2 5. Reduce emissions by 10000-15000 tons and 2.0-3.0 tons respectively, so as to solve the problem of atmospheric pollution caused by bulk coal heating and straw burning in winter in northern China. This technology aims at the deep organic combination of biomass resource treatment and air pollution prevention, which can improve the income of local farmers and the financial income of local governments, and drive the development and upgrading of other local related industries. Taking the local waste biomass resources as raw materials for molding processing, supplemented by pulverized coal, adhesives and other components, using new biomass composite briquette and supporting the "xinhongqing" heating stove produced by our company, it can replace the traditional coal and firewood. The utilization rate of effective components is more than 80%, and the thermal efficiency has been greatly improved, which has significant social benefits. The implementation of the project will help to solve the problems of atmospheric pollution caused by bulk coal heating and straw burning in winter in northern China, as well as the high cost of clean heating and unsustainable large subsidies.
-
Technology maturity analysisFor more than ten years, the team has been committed to the research of high-efficiency, environmental protection and energy-saving technology in the field of residential coal-fired heating. It has accumulated rich experience in the production of clean square briquette and biomass briquette fuel and the design of supporting stoves, combustion and heating technology improvement. It has developed and applied more than ten types of stoves, which can meet the needs of all kinds of heating users. Combined with the current severe situation of air pollution in China and the rich characteristics of biomass resources, it actively carried out in-depth industry university research cooperation with double first-class universities and scientific research institutes at home and abroad, such as China Agricultural University, and innovatively put forward the biomass based compound briquette biomass compound briquette. According to different coal properties, biomass and coal raw materials are scientifically proportioned and solidified in combination with sulfur fixing agent and biomass binder. It has the advantages of high combustion efficiency, low ash content, high sulfur fixing rate and low emission. It has great development potential in saving energy and reducing emission. This kind of fuel has low cost, strong market competition and broad application prospects. More than ten series of furnace types developed and applied, civil stoves are divided into two categories from the use of direct barbecue fire, hot water heating, heating area range of 10 ~ 1000 square meters. There are more than ten kinds of research and development formulas for supporting clean briquettes, 5 kinds of formulas with market promotion conditions, and a briquette production base with large-scale production capacity.
-
Technical adaptability analysisClean biomass composite briquettes and supporting high-efficiency low-row stoves are suitable for providing heating and hot water supply for farmers, primary schools, nursing homes, facility agriculture, industrial parks, etc. in the vast rural areas, and this model can be promoted and copied to achieve market-oriented operation.
-
Technical stability analysisFor more than ten years, the team has been committed to the research of efficient environmental protection and energy-saving technology in the field of residential coal-fired heating, and has accumulated rich experience in the production of clean square briquettes, biomass molding fuels and the design, combustion and heating technology improvement of supporting stoves, and has developed and applied more than ten furnace types to meet the needs of various heating users. In recent years, "Xinhongqing" square honeycomb briquette supporting special stoves, with its economic, environmental protection and practical advantages, has been carried out in Langfang City, Baoding City, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, Yiyuan City, Shandong Yiyuan, Inner Mongolia Hohhot City, Bayannaoer City and other places to carry out market promotion work, has been unanimously praised by local governments and the majority of users.
-
Technical safety analysisBiomass composite briquette compounding and adaptation of efficient low-emission stove green manufacturing technology through a number of authoritative testing institutions monitored, the technology of the production of briquettes and supporting stoves can achieve 24h all day without smoke, the air pollutants to achieve ultra-low emissions, significantly reduce pollutant emissions, can provide energy security for the construction of new rural areas, promote clean heating in the northern region in winter, provide technical support for "coal is coal", and help the country fight a blue sky defense war.