Tower Solar Photothermal Power Generation Technology
admin
2022-09-18
塔式太阳能光热发电技术
Tower Solar Photothermal Power Generation Technology
技术编号
ZJ-009
提供单位
浙江可胜技术股份有限公司
技术大类
其他技术
联系人
王希
技术类型
其他技术
电话
13908230392/0571-81119304
邮箱
wangxi@cosinsolar.com
适用范围
光资源较好,戈壁荒漠等地
推荐单位
浙江省科技厅
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Technical principle and process routeTower solar thermal power generation technology uses heliostat to gather sunlight on the tower top heat receiver to heat molten salt and store it. High temperature molten salt and water exchange heat to generate high temperature and high pressure steam, which drives the steam turbine generator unit to generate electricity. The front-end uses solar energy instead of coal combustion to realize green environmental protection, and the back-end power generation principle is consistent with conventional thermal power, which can realize stable and continuous power generation. Therefore, it can be used as base load power generation, and can also be complementary with wind power, photovoltaic and other hybrid power generation to improve the new energy consumption and proportion of power grid system. The key equipment mainly includes: concentrating system, heat absorbing system, heat storage and exchange system and power generation system.
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技术提供方浙江可胜技术股份有限公司
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技术主要指标信息1年采光面积发电量≥260kWh/(m2·a);2镜场定日镜跟踪准确度≤2mrad;3设计工况光电转换效率24.2%。
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商业应用情况示范工程名称: (1)德令哈50MW项目: 项目位于青海省海西州德令哈市,装机容量50MW,配置7小时熔盐储能系统,设计年发电量1.46亿度,每年可节约4.6万吨标准煤,同时减排二氧化碳气体约12.1万吨。 (2)共和50MW项目: 项目位于青海省海南州共和县境内,装机规模50MW,配置6小时熔盐储能系统,设计年发电量1.57亿度,每年可节约4.9万吨标准煤,同时减排二氧化碳气体约12.9万吨。 (3)Minos光热小试项目: 项目位于希腊克里特岛,装机规模50kW,于2019年12月底竣工,并顺利通过欧盟委员会及希腊能源部验收,成功激活NER300补贴计划。
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商业应用单位联系人/电话/邮箱
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设备投资以欧洲某地为拟新建一座光热装机50MW、储能5小时的电站及其附属变电站、生活楼等设施为例。光热电站的主要设备有:定日镜及其控制系统、吸热器及其控制系统、熔盐储换热系统、汽轮发电机、空冷系统等。本项目总投资约为3亿欧元,运营周期为25年。
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年运行维护费用以上述欧洲拟建项目为例,该项目年设计发电量1.208亿度,其需要的项目运维的人工费折合每年160万欧元,设备修理费折合每年100万欧元,设备大修费折合每年45万欧元,电费每年40万欧元,水费为零(采自自备水井),耗材费每年20万欧元,管理费每年35万欧元,总计每年400万欧元。
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投资回收期以上述欧洲拟建项目为例,总用地面积为140 hm2,装机容量为50MW太阳能塔式光热电站,按电价为268欧元/MWh,设计年上网电量为1.208亿度计算,在不考虑资金时间价值的条件下投资回收期10.6年。 计算过程: 采用总投资3108€,每年运维成本4106€,年上网电量1.208108 kWh,电价0.268 €/kWh计算, 每年电价收益=1.208108 kWh × 0.268 €/kWh=3.23107 €, 所需投资回收期年数=3108€ /(3.23107 €- 4106€ ) 年 = 10.6 年。
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附加效益以上述欧洲拟建项目为例,可参与碳交易,按照2020年欧盟碳价的日平均价格24欧元/吨CO2计算,本项目设计年发电量1.208亿度,相当于减排CO2约10万吨,每年可获得碳交易收益240万欧元(约人民币1915万元)。 计算过程: 采用0.83 kgCO2/kWh计算碳减排量,24欧元/吨CO2计算碳交易价,1欧元=7.98元人民币汇率,按照上述电站年发电量为1.208亿度,那么: 年减少CO2减排量:1.208108 kWh × 0.83 kgCO2/kWh =10104 tCO2, 年碳交易收益:10104 tCO2 × 24€/tCO2 =240104€ =2401047.98 ¥=1915104 ¥。
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综合效益塔式太阳能光热发技术利用光能资源发电,光热电站的运行过程是将光能转变成电能的过程。在整个运行过程中,基本不消耗燃料资源和水资源,不会产生大气、水、固体废弃物等方面的污染物,也不会产生大的噪声污染。由于镜场对风沙的阻挡大大降低了风速,保护土壤免受侵蚀作用,并在一定程度上起到了防风固沙的作用。此外阳光被定日镜反射致使镜场内蒸发量明显减少,加上水清洗定日镜时流入土壤增加了湿度,为植物生长提供了必要的水分,有利于植被恢复和改善生态环境。从环境保护和节约煤炭资源的角度分析,建设光热电站代替燃煤电厂,不仅能够极大地减少对周围环境的污染,同时还能提高电网对风能、光伏等可再生能源的消纳能力,起到利用清洁可再生资源、节约不可再生的化石能源以及保护生态环境的作用,有利于实现“中国碳中和”的目标,符合《巴黎协定》的倡导,具有明显的社会效益及突出的环境效益,同时也具有良好的经济效益。 以青海中控太阳能德令哈50MW塔式熔盐储能光热电站(以下简称德令哈50MW项目)为例,项目具有良好的生态环境(节能减排)效益,可实现年减排CO2气体12.1万吨,相当于年节约标准煤4.8万吨,并为当地约8万户家庭提供绿色清洁能源
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提交日期2020/12/24
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技术成熟度塔式光热发电技术因具有更高系统效率和安全性,迅速取代槽式光热发电,成为新装机主力。截至2019年,据国家太阳能光热联盟统计,全球太阳能热发电累计装机容量达到6590MW,其中新增并网项目中塔式占比超过45%,未来塔式占比将进一步提高。目前迪拜、摩洛哥、希腊等多个在建项目都将在近几年并网。智利、埃及、阿根廷等多个国家都有开发和规划塔式光热项目,部分已经完成可研和招标工作。 中国多座首批光热示范项目陆续投入使用,合计装机达500MW,构建了完整而成熟的光热发电产业集群。中控太阳能公司更是掌握从聚光、集热、储热到发电的全流程塔式熔盐储能光热发电核心技术,形成了具有完全自主知识产权的塔式太阳能热发电整体解决方案,并实现核心装备95%以上的国产化率,无“卡脖子”点。其电站考核期内的首个半年,平均发电量达成率即达到97.06%,创下全球同类型电站投运后同期的最高记录。 发展塔式光热发电产业符合“一带一路”国策。“一带一路”沿线国家大多光照资源丰富,非常适合建设光热项目,既可以减少碳排放,加速能源结构转型,又能促进当地经济绿色发展,符合习主席提出的“2060年前实现碳中和”倡议,早日实现碳中和。
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Technical applicability analysisThe technology has strong environmental adaptability and high reliability. It can work normally at an altitude of 3000 meters, - 35 ℃ - 65 ℃ and a wind speed of 13 m / s. The waterproof and dustproof of the equipment can reach the protection level of IP65. The direct solar radiation irradiance, terrain, network access and other factors should be considered in the project site selection. The tower solar thermal power generation system solution of our company realizes the functions of unified dispatching, centralized monitoring and intelligent maintenance of the system. It adopts highly automatic operation and automatic and efficient management in the whole field. After professional system training, it can quickly realize the post, unified and standardized operation, and the later operation and maintenance cost is small.
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Technical stability analysisWith the rapid increase of the proportion of wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity, the strong volatility and randomness of its power generation output will put forward higher requirements for the flexibility of the power system. The grid connection through power electronic devices will also bring the problems of low inertia and security and stability of the system. The power system will pay a high cost for this, so it needs to configure a large number of reliable, stable and schedulable support power supply. With its integrated energy storage system, solar thermal power generation has the characteristics of stability, reliability and excellent regulation performance, which can realize 24-hour continuous power generation. In addition to daytime power generation, stable and continuous power generation can be realized at night through heat storage; the power generation capacity can be adjusted according to the needs of users, the heat exchange system and power generation system can respond to the needs of the power grid and realize "power generation on demand", and the solar energy collection process and power generation process can be decoupled, no longer "eating from the sky". Taking Delingha 50MW project as an example, the power generation achievement rate of the power station in the first year (July 26, 2019 - July 25, 2020) reached 94.35%, of which the power generation achievement rate from January to march in 2020 was more than 100% in a row, setting the highest record of the same type of power station in the world in the same period. In the actual operation of the power station, the performance of the concentrating system is excellent, and its efficiency exceeds the design value, which shows the comprehensive ability of China's solar thermal power generation in the whole chain of "technology + equipment + engineering + operation", sets a benchmark and technical reference for peers, drives the cost of solar thermal power generation to drop rapidly, and promotes the further development of renewable energy.
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Technical safety analysisThe power generation process of the power station is clean, and there is no leakage of inflammable, explosive and highly toxic substances, which is friendly to the environment. The industrial chain involves steel, cement, glass, etc., and the upstream resource supply is sufficient. The construction of power station can not only greatly reduce the dependence and consumption of fossil energy, but also greatly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and dust, reduce the air pollution, which is conducive to the protection of environment and resources, and is in line with the sustainable development strategy. Taking the 50 MW project of Delingha as an example, the project replaces about 46000 tons of coal annually, reduces about 43 tons of SO2 emission, 43 tons of NOx emission, 13 tons of smoke emission and 121000 tons of CO2 emission.
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商业化应用推广障碍初期投资成本较高
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知识产权情况我司现已授权专利178项(其中发明专利129项),软件著作权49项,形成了具有完全自主知识产权的塔式太阳能热发电整体解决方案,并建立起光热发电全产业链,实现了核心装备的产业化、国产化。