Cultivation Technique for Allium Mongolicum with High Quality and High Yield
admin
2022-09-16
沙葱优质丰产栽培技术
Cultivation Technique for Allium Mongolicum with High Quality and High Yield
技术编号
GS-004
提供单位
甘肃省治沙研究所
技术大类
资源能源利用技术
联系人
严子柱
技术类型
其他资源能源利用技术
电话
13893531053
邮箱
yanzzh2006@126.com
适用范围
农、林、牧业,干旱、半干旱沙漠沿线地区。
推荐单位
甘肃省林业和草原局
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Technical principle and process routeThrough by the cultivation technologies of Allium mongolicum,such as the field cultivation, intercropping, seed production, greenhouse cultivation and wild vegetation restoration and so on. In order to solve the key technologies of high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Allium mongolicum, realize the high efficiency, energy saving, ecological environment protection and sustainable utilization of Allium mongolicum resources.
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技术提供方甘肃省治沙研究所
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技术主要指标信息采用种子播种技术,播种量225kg/hm2,株行距5cm×15cm,灌水量900m3/hm2,适生于沙质壤土。
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商业应用情况民勤县大坝镇八一村“民勤县长炼沙葱产销专业合作社”首先应用甘肃省治沙研究所三项沙葱丰产栽培技术:“沙葱人工丰产优质栽培技术规程”、“沙葱种子生产技术规程”和“沙葱反季节栽培技术规程”,并辐射带动了“民勤奥翔沙葱种植专业合作社”和“民勤县富民源八一沙葱产销专业合作社”应用了这三项技术。目前应用规模达到600多个大棚,建成沙葱产业园区一个,年经济收入近亿元。
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希望在技术转移过程中得到的帮助/支持
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商业应用单位联系人/电话/邮箱
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设备投资沙葱温室设施栽培,主要需要建设温室及其相关配套设施。按公顷计算,每公顷温室建造15座,计费560万元,其他配套设施及种子费40万元。
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年运行维护费用年运行维护费用60万元,包括产品耗材、水、电等资源消耗费10万元,以及人工费30万元、设备折旧、修理、管理等维护费用20万元。
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投资回收期沙葱是多年生草本植物,种子播种栽培第一年因沙葱植株较小,需要反复刈割壮苗,经济效益较低;第二年进入丰产期,既可以进入投资回收期,2-3年即可用完全回收投资。
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附加效益沙葱大田人工栽培,产量每茬平均可达5000 kg/hm2,每年可刈割9-11茬,总产量平均可达5.0×104 kg/hm2,按照相应的市场最低价6.0元/kg计算,每年收入达30万元/hm2。如果反季节设施栽培,市价至少20.0元/kg,经济效益能翻两番。与常规农作物相比,经济效益是小麦的8-10倍,是玉米的5倍,瓜类的2.5倍,苜蓿的3-4倍,洋葱的2.5-3.0倍,是辣椒等蔬菜作物的3-5倍不等。
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综合效益沙葱是典型的旱生植物。用水量少,水分利用效益高,人工丰产栽培用水量是小麦的30-40%,玉米的25-30%,其他蔬菜的20%。沙葱大田人工栽培,产量每茬平均可达5000 kg/hm2,每年可刈割9-11茬,总产量平均可达5.0×104 kg/hm2,按照相应的市场最低价6.0元/kg计算,每年收入达30万元/hm2。如果反季节设施栽培,市价至少20.0元/kg,经济效益能翻两番。与常规农作物相比,经济效益是小麦的8-10倍,是玉米的5倍,瓜类的2.5倍,苜蓿的3-4倍,洋葱的2.5-3.0倍,是辣椒等蔬菜作物的3-5倍不等。沙葱耐干旱、耐瘠薄,喜光怕涝,极少有病虫害,优质丰产栽培不用地膜、不施化肥和农药,对环境几乎没有污染。进行人工栽培和生态植被重建,既能显著增加栽培区农业经济收入,促进地方经济的发展,又能改善区域生态环境。
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障碍对技术转移影响等级障碍对技术转移影响:第一级当地政府政策支持力度不够;第二级当地居民对该技术的接受程度低;第三极技术转移后的运营维护困难。
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提交日期2020/12/23
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技术成熟度沙葱优质丰产栽培技术目前已经十分成熟。自1999年开始,甘肃省治沙研究所就用裸根移栽法,探索了沙葱栽培技术要点。2000年,获得国家“十五”科技攻关计划项目(2002BA 517A090-01-05)资助,用种子播种法,做了不同种源、不同栽培基质、不同管理措施的栽培试验验,掌握了沙葱适宜生长的土壤环境和田间管理措施。2002年,获得甘肃省科技厅科学事业费项目(QS022-C31-066)”资助,探索了沙葱人工栽培措施(水、肥、密度)对沙葱生长发育的影响,深入进行了沙葱栽培技术研究,制定了沙葱丰产栽培、种子生产和反季节栽培技术规程;2006年,获国家科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(2006GB2G100310)资助,在金塔、长城、古浪等地进行了示范推广,熟化了沙葱丰产栽培技术,在民勤县建成了第一个日光温室沙葱栽培示范基地,凝练了三项“沙葱人工丰产优质栽培技术规程”、“沙葱种子生产技术规程”和“沙葱反季节栽培技术规程”。2009建立了中国第一个沙葱合作社——民勤县长炼沙葱产销专业合作社,申请了发明专利ZL 2011 10332458.3)1项,发表论文30余篇,撰写出版《沙葱》专著一部。
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Technical adaptability analysisThe high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology of Allium mongolicum is suitable for desertification areas between 36° ~ 38° north latitude. Such as China's Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, northwestern Liaoning, Inner Mongolia. Central Asia and West Asia's Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Egypt, Turkey and other places in arid, semi-arid desert, Gobi farming and animal husbandry areas. Allium mongolicum is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren- resistant, and has strong adaptability. It can survive in arid and semi-arid areas with a precipitation of 50mm-600mm, grow rapidly, multiply seeds quickly, easily renew naturally, easily cultivate and survive, and has low compliance with region, environment and water resources.
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Technical stability analysisThe high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of Allium mongolicum are very stable. At present, it has been extended to Changji, Jimsar and other places in Xinjiang, and Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, Zhangye, Wuwei and other places in Gansu, and Ayou Banner, Azuo Banner, Siziwang Banner, Xiangbai Banner and other places in Inner Mongolia, and Zhongwei, Shizuishan and other places in Ningxia. A number of Allium mongolicum's cooperatives have been established, such as: "Jimsar County Xinluye Allium mongolicum Planting Professional Cooperative", "Minqin Aoxiang Allium mongolicum Planting Professional Cooperative", " Minqin Fuminyuan Bayi Allium mongolicum Production and Marketing Professional Cooperative", "Zhengxianbai Banner Buridu Allium mongolicum Planting Professional Cooperative", "Erdos City Desert Green Allium mongolicum Planting Professional Cooperative" and mony more. At the same time, it has carried out research cooperation with Guangzhou Dongguan Monosodium Glutamate Factory, Qinghai Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute and other units. More than 6,000 sheds in solar greenhouses have been promoted nationwide, more than 10,000 mu of Allium mongolicum and 2,000 mu of Allium mongolicum seed gardens have been planted in the field. We have developed vacuum-packed Allium mongolicum, canned Allium mongolicum and pickled Allium mongolicum, which are exported to Lanzhou, Chengdu, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places, with an annual economic benefit of more than 300 million yuan.
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Technical safety analysisArtificial high-yield cultivation of Allium mongolicum has few diseases and pests, no plastic film, no chemical fertilizers, no pollution to the environment and soil, safe production, complete supporting facilities, promising market prospects, and no risk of high market acceptance. Allium mongolicum has been a wild vegetable that countries along the"One Belt One Road"like to eat since ancient times. It has a very long history of consumption. The artificial high-yield cultivation technology meets the needs of the countries along the "One Belt One Road" to develop ecological agriculture and water-saving agriculture, and it is very safe.
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技术转移推广障碍当地政府政策支持力度不足(如:关税、补贴等),当地居民对该技术的接受程度低,技术转移后的运营维护困难
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知识产权转让沙葱优质丰产栽培技术的知识产权都归甘肃省治沙研究所集体所有,无产权纠纷,目前暂无转让意愿。